Ngokwendlela yokuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali e-oilfield, ama-surfactants asezindaweni zikawoyela angahlukaniswa ngohlelo lokusebenza lube ama-surfactants wokubhola, ama-surfactants wezimayini, ama-surfactants wokuthuthukisa isivuno, ama-surfactants wokuqoqa uwoyela negesi, kanye nama-surfactants okuphathwa kwamanzi, njll.

 

I-Surfactant yokubhola

Inani lama-surfactants wokubhola (kufaka phakathi imishini yokwelapha uketshezi kanye nama-admixtures well cement) yilona elikhulu kunawo wonke, elibala cishe ama-60% wabasebenza ngokusezingeni eliphezulu abasetshenziswa ezinhlakeni zikawoyela. Inani lama-surfactants lokuthola kabusha uwoyela lincane, kepha okuqukethwe kwalo kwezobuchwepheshe kuphakeme. Inani laso lisebenza nge-1/3 yenani eliphelele lama-surfactants asetshenziswa emikhakheni kawoyela. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamakhemikhali zihlala endaweni ebalulekile kuma-surfactants emikhakheni kawoyela.

 

Njengamanje, ucwaningo lwenkampani yokwelapha uketshezi lokumba emhlabeni selwenze isimo "sezinsika ezintathu" e-United States, Russia nase China. I-United States ithatha izinto ezahlukahlukene ezintsha ze-polymer njengezinto zocwaningo. I-Russia isuselwe ikakhulu esimisweni sokuthi "izinto zokusetshenziswa zishibhile futhi zitholakala kalula", kanye nokuchitheka okuhlukahlukene kwezimboni. Ucwaningo lwaseChina lubheke ekusetshenzisweni okugcwele kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zendabuko kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-polymer amasha wokwenziwa (kufaka phakathi ama-monomers).

Ukugxilwa kocwaningo kwama-ejenti okwelapha uketshezi angaphandle kugqame kakhulu, okusho ukuthi, imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene esekwe kuma-polymer enziwe aqukethe amaqembu e-sulfonic acid, nawo awukuqondisa okuzayo kwesikhathi esizayo.

 

Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1990s, isizukulwane esisha se-polymer 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) semikhiqizo eminingi yama-copolymer sesibe ngummeli wama-ejenti amasha wokulungisa uketshezi. Inqubekelaphambili ye-Breaker yenziwe ezinhlotsheni zezinciphisi ze-viscosity, izinciphisi zokulahleka koketshezi nezithambisi. Ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-polymeric alcohol surfactants anomphumela wephuzu lamafu asetshenzisiwe futhi asetshenziswa kuyo yonke imikhakha kawoyela wasekhaya nochungechunge lwe-polymeric alcohol drilling fluid system.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uketshezi lokumba imethyl gluconate kanye ne-glycerin kuthole imiphumela emihle ekusetshenzisweni kwensimu, kukhombisa amathemba amahle okufaka isicelo futhi kuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa kwama-surfactants okombiwa kuketshezi. Njengamanje, umenzeli waseChina wokumba uketshezi ukhule waba izigaba eziyi-18, izinkulungwane zezinhlobonhlobo, ezisetshenziswa minyaka yonke cishe amathani angama-300,000.

 

Ngawo-1980, ama-admixtures well cement admixtures akhula ngokushesha ngawo-1980, futhi uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo lwakhiwa kancane kancane. Ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo emisha, izinto zokwenziwa ze-polymer ngokuvamile ziyisethi yocwaningo ekhethwayo; ngo-1993, wonke amakhemikhali emithombo kawoyela eChina aguqulwa aba uchungechunge oluhlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-API. Imikhiqizo kanye admixtures athuthukile ngokushesha. Le nkampani isungule ngempumelelo i-SAF (sulfonated acetone formaldehyde polycondensate) ekhethekile ephathelene nokuqinisa ukhwalithi nokuvikela ungqimba lokumpompa. Ama-coagulants, ama-retarders kanye nama-adhesive reinforcing agents nawo akhombise umfutho omuhle wokuthuthuka, futhi akha ukuhlanganiswa okukhethekile kukasimende kawoyela. Njengamanje, sekuthuthuke kwaba yizinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zezigaba eziyi-11, ezinomthamo waminyaka yonke wamathani ayizinkulungwane eziningana.

 

Sisisusa sokubuyiselwa kukawoyela

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kakhulu kanye nenani lama-surfactants wokuthola kabusha uwoyela uma kuqhathaniswa nama-surfactants wokubhola, ikakhulukazi i-acidification nemikhiqizo yokuqhekeka. Phakathi kwama-surfactants okwephuka, ama-gelling agents acwaningwe ukushintsha izinsini zemifino yemvelo kanye ne-cellulose, kanye nama-polymer ahlukahlukene enziwe njenge-polyacrylamide.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazwe angaphandle athuthuke kancane emkhakheni wama-surfactants ane-acid. Ukugxila kocwaningo nentuthuko kusekuthuthukisweni kwama-corrosion inhibitors we-acidification. Kubonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwempahla eluhlaza ekhona ukuguqula noma ukuhlanganisa ama-corrosion inhibitors. Izinto zokusetshenziswa nemikhiqizo ayiyona into enobuthi noma inobuthi obuncane, futhi imikhiqizo inokuncibilika kukawoyela / kwamanzi noma ukusakazeka kwamanzi.

Ama-Amines, i-quaternary ammonium futhi i-acetylenic alcoholols inenqwaba yama-corrosion inhibitors, kanti i-aldehyde corrosion inhibitors ayithuthukisiwe kancane ngenxa yobuthi bayo. Ama-corrosion inhibitors nawo ayinkimbinkimbi ye-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid kanye nama-molecular amines aphansi (i-ethylamine, i-propylamine, i-C8-18 i-amine eyinhloko, i-oleic acid diethanolamide), nama-emulsifiers angama-emulsifiers ka-oyili.

Ngokuyinhloko, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo lwama-ejenti asebenzayo okwephula iziphuzo ezine-acid eChina belunganele, futhi inqubekela phambili encane yenziwe. Ngokungeziwe kuma-corrosion inhibitors okwephula uketshezi lwe-acidification ngesikhathi sokukhula, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi, iningi lazo okungama-amine (okuyinhloko amine, okwesibili amines, ephakeme amines, i-quaternary amide noma izinhlanganisela zawo), i-imidazoline kanye nezithako zayo nakho kuyisigaba sama-organic corrosion inhibitors asetshenziswa ngamanani amakhulu.

 

Sama-urfactants wokuqoqa uwoyela negesi

Ucwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-surfactants okuqoqa uwoyela negesi kanye nokuthuthwa kwezinto eChina kwaqala ngawo-1960, kanti njengamanje kunezinhlobo eziyi-14 namakhulu wemikhiqizo. Phakathi kwabo, i-demulsifier kawoyela ongahluziwe iyona enkulu kunazo zonke, futhi okudingwa minyaka yonke cishe kungamathani ayi-20 000. I-China ithuthukise imikhiqizo efanelekayo yama-demulsifier yemikhakha ehlukene kawoyela, izinhlobo eziningi zifinyelele ezingeni lamazwe omhlaba ngawo-1990; ngenkathi kuthelwa ukucindezelwa kwephoyinti, ukugeleza kokugeleza, izinciphisi ze-viscosity kanye nama-anti-wax agents ambalwa, futhi iningi lawo elemikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi, uwoyela ongahluziwe ohlukile unezidingo ezahlukahlukene nobunzima ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo emisha ngenxa yezidingo ezahlukahlukene zama-surfactants asetshenziselwa ukucindezela , ukuthuthukiswa kokugeleza, ukunciphisa i-viscosity nezinhloso zokususa i-wax.

 

I-Surfactant yokwelashwa kwamanzi ensimu kawoyela 

. Umenzeli wokwelashwa kwamanzi wase-Oilfield wuhlobo olubalulekile lwamakhemikhali asendaweni ye-oyela ekwakhiweni kukawoyela. Umthamo waminyaka yonke wama-ejenti ahlukahlukene wokulungisa amanzi ungaphezu kwamathani ayi-60,000, okusebenza kuwo ama-surfactant cishe angama-40%, yize ama-surfactants e-oilfield treatment water Isidingo sikhulu kakhulu, kepha kukhona okucwaningwayo okumbalwa kuma-surfactants okwelashwa kwamanzi e-China. Izinhlobonhlobo zama-surfactants okwelashwa amanzi e-oyela awaphelele, futhi iningi lemikhiqizo lingeniswa lisuka embonini yezokwelapha yezimboni, kepha ngenxa yamanzi e-oyela. Ubulukhuni bemikhiqizo eyethulwe ngqo kusuka ekwelashweni kwamanzi ezimboni ayisebenzi kahle, kwesinye isikhathi ayisebenzi, futhi akekho umuntu osebenza ngenhloso yokuhlanza amanzi e-oilfield. Ucwaningo lwangaphandle kuma-surfactants ekwelashweni kwamanzi lusebenza kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwama-flocculants, futhi kunemikhiqizo eminingi eyenziwe, kepha ayiningi indlela yokwelashwa kwendle yezindawo zikawoyela negesi.

 

Sisisusa sokuthola uwoyela ophakeme

Izinga lemikhiqizo ethintekayo yokuthola uwoyela ophakeme emazweni angaphandle lizinzile futhi nezinga lokukhiqiza likhulu. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezithile zama-surfactants nama-polymers okususwa kukawoyela okwenziwe eChina, kepha azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokutholwa kukawoyela ophakeme. Ukukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke kwama-alkylbenzene asindayo ama-surfactants asetshenziswa kuma-synthetic agents ahambisa indawo kungaphansi kwamathani ayi-20 000, okunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, futhi isisindo samangqamuzana nokusabalaliswa kwesisindo samangqamuzana akulungele ama-surfactants asetshenziswa kuma-synthetic agents ahambisa indawo.

Yize mkhulu umsebenzi osuwenziwe kulowo osebenza ngokuthinta, kodwa awukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezikhukhula zase-oyela, futhi kunezinkinga esikalini sokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. IDaqing, Shengli, Liaohe, Dagang kanye nezinye izinkambu zikawoyela seziqalisile ukusebenzisa izikhukhula ze-polymer, iDaqing Oilfield yakhe isitshalo se-polyacrylamide esinomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wamathani ayi-57,000, kanti uShengli Oilfield wakhe isitshalo se-polyacrylamide esinomphumela waminyaka yonke ongaphezu kwamathani angama-20 000.

Amanye amabhizinisi wokukhiqiza anomthamo wokukhiqiza ongaphezu kwe-100,000 t / ngonyaka. Isidingo samanje se-polymer sokufuduswa kukawoyela ngamashumi ezinkulungwane zamathani. Isikali singahlangabezana nezidingo ngokuyisisekelo, kepha ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo (njengobungako besisindo samangqamuzana) Kusekhona igebe phakathi kwawo nokuncibilika, ukumelana namazinga okushisa nokugcwala kasawoti. Phakathi kwama-agent asebenzayo emikhakheni kawoyela, ama-surfactants wokuvuselela uwoyela aphezulu amakhemikhali athembisa kakhulu.