Ukubuka konke

Ama-surfactants ama-amphoteric abhekisa kuwo womabili amaqembu e-cationic hydrophilic kanye nama-anionic hydrophobic esakhiweni samangqamuzana, angafakwa kusixazululo se-aqueous futhi abonise izici zama-anionic surfactants ngaphansi kwesimo esithile esiphakathi, kepha ngaphansi kwesinye isimo esiphakathi. Kuyisigaba sabasebenza ngokusebenza khombisa izici zama-cationic surfactants.

Uhlobo lwe-betaeta amphoteric surfactants lubhekisa esigabeni samakhemikhali anokwakheka okufanayo nokwe-betaine yomkhiqizo wemvelo. Igama lamakhemikhali le-betaine yi-trimethylammonium acetate. Kungumkhiqizo wemvelo otholwe yiScheibler (Scheibler C. 1869, Scheibler C. 1870) futhi wehlukaniswe nejusi yebhitrudi. I-Scheibler ibizwa nge-betaine beta-in ngemuva kwegama layo lesiLatini elithi beta vulgaris.

Ngo-1876, uBruhl wasebenzisa igama elithi betaine futhi waphakamisa ukuthi izinhlanganisela ezinezakhiwo ezifanayo njengemikhiqizo yemvelo zibizwe ngokuthi “ukubheja“, Okungama-amphoteric surfactants ohlobo lwe-betaine. Uhlobo lwe-Betaine amphoteric surfactants lungahlukaniswa lube uhlobo lwe-carboxylic acid, uhlobo lwe-sulfonic acid, uhlobo lwe-sulfate, uhlobo lwe-sulfite, uhlobo lwe-phosphate, uhlobo lwe-phosphite, uhlobo lwe-phosphonic acid nohlobo lwe-phosphonite ngokohlobo lweqembu le-acid. . Njengamanje, ucwaningo lwasekhaya kuma-betaine surfactants lusebenza kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, kubikwe okuningi ngohlobo lwe-carboxylic acid, uhlobo lwe-sulfonic acid nemikhiqizo yohlobo lwe-phosphate.

Iningi lezikhungo zokushaja ezikahle ze-betaine-type amphoteric surfactants zisekelwa kuma-quaternary ammonium N athomu, kuyilapho izikhungo zokukhokhisa ezingezinhle zisekelwa kumaqembu e-asidi akhokhiswe kabi. Umehluko phakathi kwe-betaine-type amphoteric surfactants namanye ama-amphoteric surfactants ukuthi ngenxa yobukhona be-quaternary ammonium nitrogen ku-molecule, ngeke ibe khona ngendlela yama-anionic surfactants kuzixazululo ze-alkaline. Ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene ze-pH, uhlobo lwe-betaine amphoteric surfactants luzoba khona kuphela ngendlela yama-zwitterionic noma ama-cationic surfactants. Ngakho-ke, endaweni ye-isoelectric, ama-betaine amphoteric surfactants awajwayele ukwehla okukhulu ekunciphiseni njengamanye ama-amphoteric surfactants ane-nitrogen eyisisekelo engenamandla.

Uhlobo lwe-Betaine amphoteric surfactants nalo lehlukile kune-cationic surfactants. Abanye abacwaningi (Beckett AH 1963) bakholelwa ukuthi kufanele ibekwe njenge- “quaternary ammonium salt salt amphoteric surfactant”; I-Moore CD (1960) ikholelwa ukuthi kufanele ihlukaniswe njenge- “quaternary ammonium salt surfactant”. Ngokungafani nama-cationic surfactants anjenge- “external quaternary ammonium salt surfactants”, ama-betaine-type amphoteric surfactants angasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nama-anionic surfactants futhi ngeke akhe ama- “electrically neutral” compounds.

Uhlobo lwe-betaeta amphoteric surfactants luyingxenye ebalulekile yama-amphoteric surfactants. Inokusebenzisana okuhle kakhulu nama-anionic, cationic kanye nama-surfactants we-nonionic, inemiphumela emihle kakhulu yokusebenzisana, futhi imnene ngemvelo. Inezakhiwo ezinhle ze-antistatic, izakhiwo ze-bactericidal, izakhiwo ze-anticorrosive, futhi iyabola kalula. Isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali yansuku zonke. Ngokujula kocwaningo, kuzokwakhiwa futhi kusetshenziswe ama-surfactants amaningi wohlobo lwe-betaine.

2. Inqubekela phambili yocwaningo yama-amphoteric surfactants ohlobo lwe-betaine

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1869, uLiebreich O. wasebenzisa i-trimethylamine ukulungisa i-betaine; ngo-1937, umbiko wokuqala welungelo lobunikazi wama-amphoteric surfactants wavela e-United Kingdom, kwathi ngo-1940 iDuPont yabika uchungechunge lokuqala lwe-betaine (Betaine) amphoteric surfactants. Kusukela lapho, amazwe ahlukahlukene aseqalile ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa ama-amphoteric surfactants kufaka phakathi ama-betaine compounds. Ngokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwe-ama-betaine surfactants, ijubane locwaningo kulo mkhakha nalo liyashesha. Eminyakeni yakamuva, imikhiqizo eminingi emisha iye yathuthukiswa.

UXu Jinyun et al. i-octadecyl betaine elungiselelwe nge-octadecyl amine tertiary amine, i-chloroacetic acid, ne-sodium hydroxide njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi yahlola ukuphakama kwayo ebusweni, izakhiwo ze-antistatic, izakhiwo ze-emulsifying nezinye izakhiwo zohlelo lokusebenza. I-base betaine yaqhathaniswa. UZhang Li nabanye nabo benze ucwaningo mayelana ne-interface chemistry yalesi sithinteli, njengokuphakama komhlaba, i-microemulsion kanye nemingcele yesakhiwo.

U-Chen Zonggang nabanye baphendule nge-stearic acid ne-triethanolamine ukukhiqiza i-triethanolamine stearate, futhi balawula isilinganiso sama-reactants ukwenza umkhiqizo ikakhulukazi udizili, base bephendula nge-quaternization reagent sodium monochloroacetate ukukhiqiza i-triethanolamine fatty acid ester Betaine. Lesi sisebenzi sokusebenza kahle singasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuthambisa yokuphrinta nokudaya. Ubuntofontofo bayo buseduze namafutha e-amino abicah, ubumhlophe bayo nokuba manzi kwayo kungcono kune-amino abicah oil, futhi iyabola kalula. Kungumkhiqizo olungele imvelo.

UFangYiwen etal. ihlanganiswe i-lauroamidopropyl betaine nge-N, N-dimethyl N'-lauroyl-1,3-propanediamine ne-sodium chloroacetate njengezinto zokusetshenziswa. Umkhiqizo unezindawo ezinamagwebu aphakeme, ukuqina kwe-foam nezindawo zokuqina. , Ukuhambisana okuhle nezinye izingxenye ku-shampoo.

UChen Hongling et al. kuhlelwe ama-sulfoimidazoline amabiliukubheja zisebenzisa i-sodium 2-bromoethyl sulfonate njenge-hydrophilic base material ne-alkyl imidazoline futhi zahlola izakhiwo zazo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. Ifomula yokwakheka imi kanje.

I-Jiang Liubo ithola i-N-lauricamidopropyl-N'-β-hydroxypropylamine sulfobetaine ngokususa i-sodium chloride kusuka ku-sodium l-chloropropyl-2-hydroxysulfonate kanye ne-lauramide dimethylpropylamine ngokuphendula, ngakunye Izinkomba zobuchwepheshe ngokuyisisekelo zihambisana nemikhiqizo yegama lomkhiqizo engenisiwe. Inokusebenza okuncane, ukucasuka okuphansi kakhulu, amagwebu acebile nacolekile, nokumelana namanzi okuhle kakhulu nokuvala inzalo.

INonglanping isebenzisa i-dodecanol, i-epichlorohydrin, i-chloroethanol ne-dimethylamine njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, ne-P2O5 njenge-phosphorylation reagent, kanti igama elenziwe ngu-2- [N- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl -N, N-Dimethylammonium] ethyl acid phosphate betaine .

 

UCen Bo et al. ihlukanise futhi yahlanza i-dehydroabietylamine kusuka ku-rosin amine engahlukaniswanga, yabe seyihlanganisa i-N-dehydroabietyl-N nge-N, N-dimethyl dehydroabietyl amine njengento eluhlaza. I-N-dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine ne-chloride yayo izinhlobo ezimbili ezintsha ze-betaine amphoteric surfactants.

 

UWang Jun et al. sihlanganise uhlobo lwe-betaine amphoteric surfactant-dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine nge-epichlorohydrin, i-sodium bisulfite ne-tertiary dodecyl amine njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, Izimo zokuphendula zenziwe zalungiswa.

 

I-Henan Dao Chung Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. isilungiselele ama-amphoteric surfactants amabili aqukethe i-polyoxyethylene chain chain ngokuphendula i-alkyl polyoxyethylene dimethyl tertiary amine ene-chloroacetic acid noma i-chloroethyl sulfuric acid. Qaphela ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni.

 

Amazwe angaphandle asezingeni eliphambili emkhakheni we ama-betaine surfactants, futhi umsebenzi wabo wocwaningo nentuthuko ufanelwe ukunakekelwa okugcwele nokubhekelwa okufundwayo. Isibonelo, i-Chew, i-CH, njll. Ihlanganise i-betaine-type surfactant polymer AUDMAA ene-acryloyl chloride 1-pyridinedecanol ne-aminoacetic acid. Ukuhlushwa kwayo okubucayi kwe-micelle ku-24 ℃ kungu-9.42 × 10-3mol / L. Amandla okwenza kusebenze i-polymerization yi-50.2kJ / mol. UFuruno Takeshi et al. sihlanganise ama-surfactants amabili wohlobo lwe-betaine N, N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester betaine kanye ne-N- (fatty acid ester) ethyl- ne-tarot oil fatty acid njengempahla eluhlaza. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-12-hydroxypropyl) ammonium sulfonate.

 

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nentuthuko eningi ejabulisayo emzimbeni nasemakhemikhali ama-betaine surfactants. Isibonelo: YousukeOne, njll. (i-dodecyl, i-tetradecyl, i-hexadecyl, i-oleic acid) -dimethyl betaine subject, ukuziphatha kwe-dielectric kwesisombululo se-micellar se-betaine surfactant kwafundwa. Akuhlangene nokuhlushwa kwama-micelles, futhi amandla okuphumula esisombululo se-amphoteric surfactant sishintsha ngokulingana nokuhlushwa, okufana ne-aminoglycolato betaine enesakhiwo samakhemikhali se-betaine kodwa hhayi i-surfactant. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi i-micelle surface ye-amphoteric surfactant nayo inesikhathi esifanayo sedipole esisheshayo njengesixazululo se-glycine betaine.