1. Ukuncibilika kwamanzi

Ngoba kukhona isibopho se-polar N N2 ku-amine oxide molecule, futhi umzuzu we-dipole ngu-4.38D, i-compound inezici zokuphakama okuphezulu nephuzu lokuncibilika okuphezulu. Iyancibilika kalula kumakhemikhali awuketshezi we-polar njengamanzi nophuzo oludakayo oluphansi, kepha akuncibiliki neze Kumakhemikhali awuketshezi angewona awamapolar afana no-oyela wamaminerali ne-benzene.

Esixazululweni esinamanzi, i-amine oxide ikhona ngesamba esikhulu ngesimo se-hydrate (R1R2R3NO · XH2O), kepha ngokuguqulwa kwenani le-pH, i-polarity izoshintsha. Isibonelo, kusixazululo se-alkaline nge-pH> 7, ikakhulukazi i-anionic surfactant. . Kodwa-ke, kuzisombululo ze-asidi ku-pH <3, ama-amine oxides ikakhulukazi atholakala ngendlela yama-cations [R1R2R3NOH] +. Isixazululo samanzi se-amine oxide sinezici ezibuthakathaka ze-oxidizing, futhi sisetshenziselwa izimonyo ukwenza isikhumba sibe mhlophe.

2. Umsebenzi ongaphezulu

(1) Surface ukungezwani: Ngemuva kokungeza i-amine oxide, ukungezwani kwamanzi kuyoncipha kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukungezwani kobuso bamanzi amsulwa kungama-72.80 × 10-3N / m. Ukungezwani kobuso ekugxilweni okubucayi kwe-micelle (cmc) kwama-oxide e-amine ahlukahlukene kungama-30 × 10-3N / m. Ku-cmc, ukungezwani kobuso be-amine oxide kuphansi kakhulu kunokasawoti we-quaternary ammonium, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kobuso be-amine oxide kungcono kunokwesawoti i-quaternary ammonium.

(2) Ukuncipha: Lapho i-amine oxide ixubene ne-AES noma i-AS, inomphumela wokusebenzisana ekuqedeni ukungcola, kepha uma ixutshwe ne-LAS, umphumela wayo wokusebenzisana awumuhle. Umkhiqizo we-lipstick wokuwasha usebenzisa i-12% fatty acid (C12: C18 = 12: 1), 13% non-ionic surfactant, 12% LAS. Uma ingezwe inani elithile le-amine oxide, umphumela wokuhlanza uzoba muhle kakhulu.

(3) Amandla okubuyisa amandla: Amandla we-emulsifying yinkomba yokukala ikhwalithi yama-emulsifiers. Isibonelo, emulsify isixazululo se-amine oxide aqueous kanye ne-petroleum solvent ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo ku-70 ° C, bese ubona ushintsho lwevolumu ngemuva kwe-emulsification. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi kuma-amine oxide homologs, amandla we-emulsification anda ngokwanda kwenani lekhabhoni leqembu le-alkyl elide. Esinye isici se-amine oxide njenge-emulsifier ukuthi singakwazi ukumisa emananini amaningi e-pH, ikakhulukazi kwimidiya ene-asidi, ingahambisana nama-quaternary ammonium cations njengama-preservatives nama-bactericides, hhayi kuphela angeke avimbe ukusebenza kwe-anti-corrosion isivimbeli, futhi singathuthukisa ukusebenza kwaso okulwa nokugqwala, okungafinyeleli kwamanye ama-surfactants angewona ama-ionic.

(4) Ukusimamisa amagwebu nokugwema amagwebu: I-Amine oxide iyindlela esebenza kahle yokuqinisa amagwebu, evame ukusetshenziselwa okokuhlanza ilondolo noma okokugeza izitsha. Umkhiqizo onomthamo we-1% kuya ku-5% unokusebenza okuncane, akukho ukucasuka emehlweni, nokumelana namanzi anzima. Inokusebenza okuhle, futhi igwebu liphakeme emanzini aqinile nge-pH = 9, 300mg / kg. Lapho okunamafutha otshwala i-sodium sulfate (AS) kuhlanganiswe ne-amine oxide, igwebu ligcwele futhi lizinzile, noma ngabe kunamafutha, ngeke lishintshe. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ngokuhlanganyela nama-anionic agents asebenzayo njenge-LAS, AS, AES, SAS, njll, futhi anomphumela omuhle wokulwa nokucasuka. Igwebu elenziwe yi-amine oxide linomuzwa o-creamy futhi lisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-shampoo nemikhiqizo yokugeza.

(5) Thickening effect: Amine oxide has a good thickening effect. For example, the mass fraction of amine oxide mixed with AES (1:9) is 15% active substance solution (the following% are all mass fractions), in an acid medium , Even with little salt, the thickening effect is obvious, and it is mild and has good conditioning. Amine oxide 4.5%, AES 8.5%, NaCl 4%, pH=8, viscosity (20°C) up to 7Pa·s, cloud point <-5°C, but for the solubilization and thickening of shampoo, the carbon atom is preferably C14. The thickening effect of amine oxide can also be used in high alkaline bleach (9% C12, 0.5% NaOH, 4% Na2CO3, a small amount of amine oxide), 10% HCl solution added 1.5% dihydroxyethyl tallow base Amine oxide and 1.5% tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride can increase the consistency to 1Pa·S.

Lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-amine oxide kudlula ibanga elithile, isigaba esiphakathi kakhulu kakhulu sakhiwa. Noma izinga lokushisa lenyukile, alinakuguqulwa libe yisigaba seselula se-isotropic. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhiqizwa i-amine oxide, ngokuvamile kungatholwa kuphela isixazululo se-aqueous esingama-30%, okunzima ukusithola Ngemikhiqizo enokugxila okuphezulu, ama-anionic surfactants kufanele engezwe ukuthola ukugxila okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo ye-ammonium oxide.

） 4） Ukuhambisana nama-anionic surfactants

Ukusebenza kwama-amine oxide amphoteric surfactants akunciphisi. Ama-anionic surfactants nama-amine oxides asetshenziswa enanini elikhulu lama-detergent formulations ukunciphisa ukucasuka kwama-anionic surfactants futhi athole imiphumela ekhethekile. Lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-amine oxide kungaphansi kuka-cmc, ukuxubana nama-anionic surfactants ukwakha ama-anion kanye ne-cations kuzokhulisa i-pH yemvula, ebangelwa ukuthambekela kwe-protonation kwe-amine oxide; ku-cmc, womabili la ma-micelles ahlanganisiwe; ephakeme ku-cmc, i-anion eyakhiwe kanye nosawoti we-cation kuyancibilika kuma-micelles ahlanganisiwe.

Lapho i-pH≥8, i-amine oxide ikhombisa izici ezingezona i-ionic futhi ingahlanganiswa ne-anion; lapho i-pH≤8, ukuhambisana nama-anion kuzokhiqiza indawo engabonakali, okuholele emvuleni; lapho i-pH≤6, lokhu kuhlanganiswa ngesilinganiso esifanele. I-amine oxide ne-anionic surfactant ziyahlangana zenze i-anion-cation pair ukwakha isixazululo esobala. Ngalesi sikhathi, usawoti we-anion-cation uhlanjululwa kuma-micelles we-surfactant okweqile. Uma kusetshenziswa i-dimethyl amine oxide esikhundleni se-dimethyl amine oxide, ukuhambisana kuzoba ngcono; uma ithathelwa indawo yi-amine oxide equkethe izingxenye ze-polyoxyethylene ether, umphumela uzoba ongcono kakhulu.

(5) Ubuthi bomzimba

I-amine oxide yinto engeyona enobuthi noma enobuthi obuncane. Isixazululo sesitoko sezentengiselwano sinokucasuka okuyisisekelo esikhunjeni sonogwaja, futhi amehlo ayacasula ngokulingene. Ku-2% okuhlushwa, akukho ukucasuka; iphakelwe yafakwa ne-alkyl dimethyl iminyaka emibili. I-amine oxide, ayikho i-carcinogenesis ebangelwe yi-amine oxide etholakele. Ukwehla kwe-biodegradability kwe-amine oxide kuhle, i-88% ingahle yehliswe ngemuva kwamasonto amabili ne-93% emavikini ama-4. I-amine oxide ngokuyisisekelo ayinabo ubuthi futhi inokucasuka okuphansi kakhulu esikhumbeni nasemehlweni. Ngokombiko we-KLein: I-LD50 ye-amine oxide ingu-2000mg / kg ～ 6000mg / kg, ecishe ilingane ne-LD50 kasawoti wetafula we-4000mg / kg. Uma ixutshwe namanye ama-agent asebenzayo, i-amine oxide inezinto zokulwa nokucasulwa futhi ingasetshenziswa kuma-shampoos wokulwa nenkinga ukunciphisa ukucasuka kwe-ZPT. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuma-shampoo ane-acidic kanye nezixazululo ze-acidic, i-amine oxide ingasebenzisana namaqembu e-carboxyl ezinhlokweni zezinwele nezesikhumba. Ingalungisa izinwele, yehlise i-flutter, kube lula ukuhlanganisa ikamu, futhi ithuthukise ukuqina kwesikhumba.

(6) Amagciwane

I-alkyl amine oxide inomsebenzi othile wokulwa namagciwane, kepha ayifinyeleli ezintweni eziqinile ze-bactericidal zikasawoti we-quaternary ammonium. Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo yefomula equkethe i-amine oxide inezakhi zayo zokubulala amagciwane, ezingavimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta futhi zigcine ukusebenza okuphezulu kuzixazululo ezihlanjululwa kakhulu. . Amanye ama-oxide e-amine ahlanganisiwe akhombisa nezindawo eziphakeme zama-bactericidal, futhi asetshenziswa ezinsizeni njengama-bactericidal deodorants, futhi nama-bactericides aqukethe i-iodine aklanyelwa ukukhulisa ukuncibilika nokuzinza kwe-iodine, futhi kudlala indima ekuvimbeleni inzalo nokusebenzisana. Phakathi kwazo, umphumela we-dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kwe-Staphylococcus aureus ulingana nalowo we-cationic surfactant ohambelanayo, ngenkathi umphumela wokuvalwa kwamanye ama-oxide e-amine uphansi.

(7) I-Antistatic

I-Amine oxide ine-hygroscopicity ephezulu kanye ne-ionization tendency, futhi ingakha ifilimu eqhubekayo ebusweni be-fiber noma i-resin, ngakho-ke inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-antistatic. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-antistatic agents, isici sayo esikhulu ukushintsha nomswakama wezemvelo, Umphumela we-antistatic unoshintsho oluncane, futhi kukhombisa ukusebenza okuhle kwe-antistatic noma ngaphansi komswakama ophansi. I-Amine oxide nayo inokuqina okuthile okushisayo nokuthambisa okuhle, ingahambisana nezinto zokuthambisa ezivamile, ama-emulsifiers namanye ama-antistatic agents, futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

(8) Antioxidant

I-Amine oxide ayikwazi kuphela ukuba khona ngokuqinile kusixazululo se-hypochlorite iyodwa, kodwa futhi isiza namanye ama-surfactants ukuzinzisa i-hypochlorite, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni nasekuhlanzeni amagciwane.