1. Surfactant yokuxhashazwa kukawoyela osindayo

Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu nokuntuleka kwamanzi kawoyela okusindayo, kuletha ubunzima obuningi ekuxhashazweni. Ukuze usebenzise lawa mafutha asindayo, kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukujova isixazululo samanzi sabasebenza ngokusebenza kahle emthonjeni ukuze uguqule u-oyela osindayo ophakeme ube yi-low-viscosity uwoyela-emanzini-emulsion bese uwampompa phezulu. Ama-surfactants asetshenziswe kule ndlela yokunciphisa uwoyela emulsification kanye nendlela yokunciphisa i-viscosity afaka i-sodium alkyl sulfonate, i-polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, i-polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, i-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, i-polyoxyethylene Ethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate sodium salt, njll. idinga ukwehlukanisa amanzi futhi isebenzise amanye ama-surfactants asezimbonini njengama-demulsifiers okomisa amanzi emzimbeni. Laba bantu abadiliza amanzi bangama-emulsifiers afakwa emanzini. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa ngama-cationic surfactants noma i-naphthenic acid, i-asphaltene acid nosawoti babo bensimbi abaningi. Kumafutha akhethekile asindayo, izindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhipha iyunithi azikwazi ukusetshenziswa, futhi umjovo we-steam uyadingeka ukuze kululame okushisayo. Ukwenza ngcono umphumela wokutakula okushisayo, ama-surfactants ayadingeka. Ukujova igwebu kumjovo we-steam kahle, okusho ukuthi, ukujova i-ejenti enesifutho esishisa kakhulu negesi engavimbeki kungenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokushintshashintsha kwezwi.

Ama-ejenti asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile amagwebu yi-alkylbenzene sulfonate, i-α-olefin sulfonate, i-petroleum sulfonate, i-sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether kanye ne-sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, ama-gemini surfactants akhethekile, njll. , i-oksijini, ukushisa kanye no-oyela, ama-surfactants aqukethe i-fluorine yizinto ezifanele kakhulu ezinokushisa okushisa kakhulu. Ukuze wenze uwoyela ohlakazekile kube lula ukudlula esakhiweni se-pore emphinjeni wokwakheka, noma ukwenza uwoyela ebusweni bokwakheka kube lula ukuxoshwa, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-surfactant ebizwa nge-thin film diffusing agent. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa ngama-gemini surfactants kanye nama-alkylated phenolic resins.

2. Ukuxhashazwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe onama-surfactants kudinga ukulawulwa okuningana kwe-wax nokususwa kwe-wax. Ama-Surfactants asebenza njenge-wax inhibitors kanye nokususa i-wax. Ama-surfactants ancibilikiswa uwoyela kanye nama-surfactants ancibilikiswa ngamanzi asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela i-wax. Owokuqala udlala indima yokuvikela i-wax ngokushintsha izakhiwo zengaphezulu le-wax. Ama-surfactants asetshenziswa encibilikiswa uwoyela yi-petroleum sulfonates nama-amine surfactants. Ama-surfactants ancibilikiswa ngamanzi adlala indima yokuvimbela i-wax ngokushintsha izakhiwo zezindawo zokucwebezela (ezinjenge-tubing, izinduku zokumunca nezindawo zokusebenza). Ama-surfactants asebenzisekayo yi-sodium alkyl sulfonate, i-quaternary ammonium usawoti, i-alkane polyoxyethylene ether, iphunga le-polyoxyethylene ether nosawoti wabo we-sodium sulfonate. Ama-Surfactants okususwa kwe-wax nawo ahlukaniswe ngezinto ezimbili, okuncibilikiswa uwoyela okususa i-wax okususelwa ku-oyela, uhlobo lwe-sulfonate lwamanzi, uhlobo lwe-quaternary ammonium usawoti, uhlobo lwe-polyether, uhlobo lwe-Tween, uhlobo lwe-OP olusebenzayo, iSulfate ester enosawoti noma uhlobo lokufaka oluyisicaba nama-OP ama-surfactants asetshenziswa njengamanzi asusa amanzi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kokubili kwasekhaya naphesheya kwezilwandle kuhlanganiswe ngokwemvelo ukususwa nokuvikelwa kwe-wax, kanye nokususa i-wax okususelwa ku-oyela kanye nokususa i-wax okususelwa emanzini, ukukhiqiza i-wax hybrid remover. Lo menzeli okhipha i-wax usebenzisa ama-hydrocarbon amnandi nama-hydrocarbon anephunga elixubekile njengesigaba samafutha, kanye ne-emulsifier enomsebenzi wokususa i-wax njengesigaba samanzi. Lapho i-emulsifier ekhethiwe i-nonionic surfactant enephuzu elifanele lamafu, ingenziwa ukuthi ifinyelele noma yeqe iphuzu layo lamafu emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwesigaba sokukhuphuka somthombo kawoyela, ukuze umsusi oxubekile axube ngaphambi kokungena esigabeni sokuxhuma, i-emulsion yephukile, futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zomshini wokukhipha i-wax ziyahlukaniswa, futhi zidlala indima yokususa i-wax ngasikhathi sinye.

3. Surfactant esetshenziselwa ukuzinzisa ubumba

Ingxenye yobumba eqinisiwe ivimbela amaminerali obumba ekuvuvukeni futhi ivimbele izinhlayiya zamaminerali zobumba ekuthuthekeni. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ubumba ekuvuvukeni, njengohlobo lwe-amine salt, uhlobo lwe-quaternary ammonium salt, uhlobo lwasawoti lwe-pyridine, usawoti we-imidazoline namanye ama-cationic surfactants. Ama-surfactants angenayo i-ionic-cationic aqukethe i-fluorine ayatholakala ukuvimbela ukufuduka kwezinhlayiya zamaminerali obumba.

4. Ama-surfactants asetshenziswa kuzinyathelo ze-acidification

Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela we-acidification, izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene ngokuvamile zifakwa kwisisombululo se-asidi. Noma iyiphi i-surfactant engasebenzisana ne-acid futhi ekhangiswe kalula ukwakheka ingasetshenziswa njenge-acidification retarder. Njenge-fatty amine hydrochloride, usawoti we-quaternary ammonium, usawoti we-pyridine kuma-surfactants e-cationic kanye ne-polyoxyethylene sulfonated, i-carboxymethylated, i-phosphate enosawoti noma i-sulphate enosawoti kuma-amphoteric surfactants Base phenol ether njalonjalo. Amanye ama-surfactants, afana ne-dodecyl sulfonic acid kanye nosawoti wawo we-alkyl amine, angamisa i-asidi emafutheni ukukhiqiza i-acid-in-oil emulsion. Le emulsion isetshenziswa njengoketshezi lwezimboni lwe-acidification futhi inomphumela owehlisayo.

Amanye ama-surfactants angasetshenziswa njengama-anti-emulsifiers oketshezi olune-acid. Ama-surfactants anezakhiwo ezinamagatsha afana ne-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether ne-polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine ingasetshenziswa njenge-acidification anti-emulsifiers. Amanye ama-surfactants angasetshenziswa njengezinsiza zokuphelelwa amandla, njenge-amine salt type, uhlobo lwe-quaternary ammonium salt, uhlobo lwe-pyridine usawoti, i-non-ionic, amphoteric kanye ne-fluorinated surfactants.